Negli incontri formativi che sto predisponendo per gli insegnanti della Scuola dell’Infanzia, su richiesta di una dirigente scolastica molto attenta alla formazione dei docenti, ho pensato potesse essere utile inserire il “coding”, fino ad ora molto più utilizzato nella Scuola Primaria.

Il termine inglese “coding”, traducibile con il termine italiano “codice”, in questo caso applicato all’informatica, è un linguaggio vero e proprio di cui è necessario impararne regole di sintassi, lessico e semantica.

Come viene utilizzato in Italia?

Il coding viene utilizzato, sia nella Scuola dell’Infanzia che Primaria, per gestire le attività dei bambini nella programmazione, sia in modalità “unplugged”, ovvero con strumenti non digitali, sia in modalità elementare attraverso software specifici.

In tal senso la valenza del coding non è solo quella di linguaggio ma anche di attività di programmazione, in cui, oltre a scrivere un codice sorgente, sono richieste competenze di analisi, organizzazione, pianificazione e verifica, tipiche del pensiero computazionale.

Cosa si intende per pensiero computazionale?

Il pensiero computazionale è un processo mentale che consente di risolvere problemi di varia natura con metodi e strumenti precisi, suddividendo il processo decisionale in singoli step, ragionando passo passo sul modo migliore di ottenere un obiettivo prefissato in precedenza. Sarebbe opportuno svilupparlo anche in tenera età perché aiuta a pensare in modo originale, mai banale e mai ripetitivo, potenziando, a sua volta, l’abilità di problem solving (risoluzione di un problema).

Per capire meglio è sufficiente guardare un bambino alle prese con le costruzioni e con l’obiettivo di creare una casa: la scelta dei mattoncini giusti, dei colori, le sequenze adottate nell’arrivare a ciò che si è prefissato sono modalità di problem solving, nelle quali il bambino attiva abilità cognitive specifiche (concettualizzazione del da farsi e previsione di come muoversi).

Perché ho scelto di introdurre il “coding” nei miei incontri formativi?

Il mio obiettivo non è, certamente, quello di tenere lezioni di informatica quanto, invece, quello di iniziare, con i bambini, un percorso che sviluppi il loro pensiero computazionale in una situazione che è loro consona, cioè il gioco, e che li porti, successivamente, a padroneggiare al meglio gli strumenti informatici e a ragionare secondo tali nuovi linguaggi.

Per fare ciò è importante che il bambino non venga lasciato solo ma che venga guidato all’uso attivo e consapevole delle tecnologie, lasciandogli sperimentare nuovi contesti per imparare sviluppando la propria creatività e creando l’opportunità di diventare piccoli “programmatori”, con la finalità di creare contenuti più che di usufruirne attraverso un semplice “click”.

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