Nel corso della storia il modo di intendere l’infanzia ha subìto importanti trasformazioni.

Se per Locke la mente del bambino, alla sua nascita, è come una “tabula rasa” sulla quale poter incidere qualsiasi tipo di apprendimento e, di conseguenza, ogni bambino, se esposto alla giusta influenza può essere educato nel modo che si desidera, per lo studioso Stern il bambino è dotato, fin dalla nascita, di competenze relazionali: tale ricerca di relazione costituisce per l’essere umano un bisogno primario.

Anche in ambito familiare si sono succeduti, nel corso dei secoli, modelli educativi differenti.

Il contesto familiare attuale è caratterizzato dall’abbandono di un’educazione di stampo etico-normativo in favore di un modello educativo affettivo. Tale processo di trasformazione si è ripercosso anche sul modo di concepire i ruoli genitoriali: la figura del padre non è più severa e inavvicinabile come in passato, la figura della madre non è più legata esclusivamente alle funzioni di accudimento.

Il modello educativo che caratterizza la famiglia contemporanea inficia pesantemente sulla relazione educativa che si instaura a scuola. Già Pietropolli Charmet parlava di “affettivizzazione della scuola” per sottolineare un modo di affrontare l’impegno scolastico in cui si intrecciano affetti e vissuti personali. Ogni ragazza o ragazzo che entra a scuola, oltre a svolgere il “ruolo di studente”, è altresì impegnato nei compiti di crescita a cui si trova a far fronte il “ruolo di adolescente”.

Se un tempo esisteva una “comunità educante”, oggi l’idea di un modello educativo omogeneo,  condiviso a livello sociale, è venuta a mancare.

Famiglia e scuola, che costituiscono le principali agenzie educative, devono collaborare per condividere un orizzonte di valori e regole che siano di sostegno alla crescita dei soggetti in formazione. E’ importante che, entrambe, si incontrino nel sostenere un patto educativo comune.

 

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